The Foundling Hospital owes its foundation to the exertions and benevolence of Mr. Thomas Coram, who, in the reign of George II., 1739, succeeded in obtaining a charter for its establishment. The original object of this institution was, "the maintenance and education of exposed and deserted young children;" they are not now, however, for obvious reasons, admitted as heretofore on mere abandonment and exposure, the application of the unfortunate mother alone, accompanied by proofs of previous good character and desertion of the father, being now considered as entitling them, without patronage, to the benefits of this noble institution. The building consists of a centre and two wings, with grass plots and gravel walks in front, the former being appropriated to play grounds - one side to the boys, the other to the girls. The Chapel, a fruitful source of revenue to this hospital, is much resorted to by the neighbouring families, the governors invariably securing the services of a popular preacher, a good reader, and the performance of the musical portion of the service, in a simple but scientific manner; its funds, from a variety of sources, form an aggregate of about 13,0001. per annum, and the number of children who are here educated, clothed, and maintained, amount to about 400 and 500.

Mogg's New Picture of London and Visitor's Guide to it Sights, 1844

FOUNDLING HOSPITAL (THE), GUILDFORD STREET was founded in 1739, by Captain Thomas Coram, as "an hospital for exposed and deserted children." The ground was bought of the Earl of Salisbury for 7000l., and the Hospital built by Theodore Jacobson, (d.1772), architect of the Royal Hospital at Gosport. ... The Hospital was changed, in 1760, from a Foundling-hospital to what it now is, an hospital for poor illegitimate children whose mothers are known. The committee requires to be satisfied of the previous good character and present necessity of the mother of every child proposed for admission. The qualification of a governor is a donation of 50l. Among the principal benefactors to the Foundling Hospital, the great Handel stands unquestionably the first. Here, in the chapel of the Hospital, he frequently performed his Oratorio of the Messiah.

Peter Cunningham, Hand-Book of London, 1850

The FOUNDLING HOSPITAL, Guildford Street, Brunswick Square, was originally established by Captain Coram, in 1739. The present building dates from 1745. Its annual income, 11,000l; maintains 460 children yearly.
    The chapel has long been held in repute for its admirable choral services, its altar-piece, "Christ blessing little children," was painted by West, F.R.A. In the institution are preserved three pictures by Hogarth: Moses rescued; Portrait of Captain Coram; and the March to Finchley.
    The hospital is open to the public on Mondays, from 10 to 4 p.m.

Cruchley's London in 1865 : A Handbook for Strangers, 1865

   Day of the month and year, November the thirtieth, one thousand eight hundred and thirty-five. London Time by the great clock of Saint Paul's, ten at night. All the lesser London churches strain their metallic throats. Some, flippantly begin before the heavy bell of the great cathedral; some, tardily begin three, four, half a dozen, strokes behind it; all are in sufficiently near accord, to leave a resonance in the air, as if the winged father who devours his children, had made a sounding sweep with his gigantic scythe in flying over the city.
   What is this clock lower than most of the rest, and nearer to the ear, that lags so far behind to-night as to strike into the vibration alone? This is the clock of the Hospital for Foundling Children. Time was, when the Foundlings were received without question in a cradle at the gate. Time is, when inquiries are made respecting them, and they are taken as by favour from the mothers who relinquish all natural knowledge of them and claim to them for evermore.
   The moon is at the full, and the night is fair with light clouds. The day has been otherwise than fair, for slush and mud, thickened with the droppings of heavy fog, lie black in the streets. The veiled lady who flutters up and down near the postern-gate of the Hospital for Foundling Children has need to be well shod to-night.
   She flutters to and fro, avoiding the stand of hackney-coaches, and often pausing in the shadow of the western end of the great quadrangle wall, with her face turned towards the gate. As above her there is the purity of the moonlit sky, and below her there are the defilements of the pavement, so may she, haply, be divided in her mind between two vistas of reflection or experience. As her footprints crossing and recrossing one another have made a labyrinth in the mire, so may her track in life have involved itself in an intricate and unravellable tangle.
   The postern-gate of the Hospital for Foundling Children opens, and a young woman comes out. The lady stands aside, observes closely, sees that the gate is quietly closed again from within, and follows the young woman.
   Two or three streets have been traversed in silence before she, following close behind the object of her attention, stretches out her hand and touches her. Then the young woman stops and looks round, startled.
   "You touched me last night, and, when I turned my head, you would not speak. Why do you follow me like a silent ghost?"
   "It was not," returned the lady, in a low voice, "that I would not speak, but that I could not when I tried."
   "What do you want of me? I have never done you any harm?"
   "Never."
   "Do I know you?"
   "No."
   "Then what can you want of me?"
   "Here are two guineas in this paper. Take my poor little present, and I will tell you."
   Into the young woman's face, which is honest and comely, comes a flush as she replies: "There is neither grown person nor child in all the large establishment that I belong to, who hasn't a good word for Sally. I am Sally. Could I be so well thought of, if I was to be bought?"
   "I do not mean to buy you; I mean only to reward you very slightly."
   Sally firmly, but not ungently, closes and puts back the offering hand. "If there is anything I can do for you, ma'am, that I will not do for its own sake, you are much mistaken in me if you think that I will do it for money. What is it you want?"
   "You are one of the nurses or attendants at the Hospital; I saw you leave to-night and last night."
   "Yes, I am. I am Sally."
   "There is a pleasant patience in your face which makes me believe that very young children would take readily to you."
   "God bless 'em! So they do."
   The lady lifts her veil, and shows a face no older than the nurse's. A face far more refined and capable than hers, but wild and worn with sorrow.
   "I am the miserable mother of a baby lately received under your care. I have a prayer to make to you."
   Instinctively respecting the confidence which has drawn aside the veil, Sally--whose ways are all ways of simplicity and spontaneity-- replaces it, and begins to cry.
   "You will listen to my prayer?" the lady urges. "You will not be deaf to the agonised entreaty of such a broken suppliant as I am?"
   "O dear, dear, dear!" cries Sally. "What shall I say, or can say! Don't talk of prayers. Prayers are to be put up to the Good Father of All, and not to nurses and such. And there! I am only to hold my place for half a year longer, till another young woman can be trained up to it. I am going to be married. I shouldn't have been out last night, and I shouldn't have been out to-night, but that my Dick (he is the young man I am going to be married to) lies ill, and I help his mother and sister to watch him. Don't take on so, don't take on so!"
   "O good Sally, dear Sally," moans the lady, catching at her dress entreatingly. "As you are hopeful, and I am hopeless; as a fair way in life is before you, which can never, never, be before me; as you can aspire to become a respected wife, and as you can aspire to become a proud mother, as you are a living loving woman, and must die; for GOD'S sake hear my distracted petition!"
   "Deary, deary, deary ME!" cries Sally, her desperation culminating in the pronoun, "what am I ever to do? And there! See how you turn my own words back upon me. I tell you I am going to be married, on purpose to make it clearer to you that I am going to leave, and therefore couldn't help you if I would, Poor Thing, and you make it seem to my own self as if I was cruel in going to be married and not helping you. It ain't kind. Now, is it kind, Poor Thing?"
   "Sally! Hear me, my dear. My entreaty is for no help in the future. It applies to what is past. It is only to be told in two words."
   "There! This is worse and worse," cries Sally, "supposing that I understand what two words you mean."
   "You do understand. What are the names they have given my poor baby? I ask no more than that. I have read of the customs of the place. He has been christened in the chapel, and registered by some surname in the book. He was received last Monday evening. What have they called him?"
   Down upon her knees in the foul mud of the by-way into which they have strayed--an empty street without a thoroughfare giving on the dark gardens of the Hospital--the lady would drop in her passionate entreaty, but that Sally prevents her.
   "Don't! Don't! You make me feel as if I was setting myself up to be good. Let me look in your pretty face again. Put your two hands in mine. Now, promise. You will never ask me anything more than the two words?"
   "Never! Never!"
   "You will never put them to a bad use, if I say them?"
   "Never! Never!"
   "Walter Wilding."
   The lady lays her face upon the nurse's breast, draws her close in her embrace with both arms, murmurs a blessing and the words, "Kiss him for me!" and is gone.
   Day of the month and year, the first Sunday in October, one thousand eight hundred and forty-seven. London Time by the great clock of Saint Paul's, half-past one in the afternoon. The clock of the Hospital for Foundling Children is well up with the Cathedral to- day. Service in the chapel is over, and the Foundling children are at dinner.
   There are numerous lookers-on at the dinner, as the custom is. There are two or three governors, whole families from the congregation, smaller groups of both sexes, individual stragglers of various degrees. The bright autumnal sun strikes freshly into the wards; and the heavy-framed windows through which it shines, and the panelled walls on which it strikes, are such windows and such walls as pervade Hogarth's pictures. The girls' refectory (including that of the younger children) is the principal attraction. Neat attendants silently glide about the orderly and silent tables; the lookers-on move or stop as the fancy takes them; comments in whispers on face such a number from such a window are not unfrequent; many of the faces are of a character to fix attention. Some of the visitors from the outside public are accustomed visitors. They have established a speaking acquaintance with the occupants of particular seats at the tables, and halt at those points to bend down and say a word or two. It is no disparagement to their kindness that those points are generally points where personal attractions are. The monotony of the long spacious rooms and the double lines of faces is agreeably relieved by these incidents, although so slight.
   A veiled lady, who has no companion, goes among the company. It would seem that curiosity and opportunity have never brought her there before. She has the air of being a little troubled by the sight, and, as she goes the length of the tables, it is with a hesitating step and an uneasy manner. At length she comes to the refectory of the boys. They are so much less popular than the girls that it is bare of visitors when she looks in at the doorway.
   But just within the doorway, chances to stand, inspecting, an elderly female attendant: some order of matron or housekeeper. To whom the lady addresses natural questions: As, how many boys? At what age are they usually put out in life? Do they often take a fancy to the sea? So, lower and lower in tone until the lady puts the question: "Which is Walter Wilding?"
   Attendant's head shaken. Against the rules.
   "You know which is Walter Wilding?"
   So keenly does the attendant feel the closeness with which the lady's eyes examine her face, that she keeps her own eyes fast upon the floor, lest by wandering in the right direction they should betray her.
   "I know which is Walter Wilding, but it is not my place, ma'am, to tell names to visitors."
   "But you can show me without telling me."
   The lady's hand moves quietly to the attendant's hand. Pause and silence.
   "I am going to pass round the tables," says the lady's interlocutor, without seeming to address her. "Follow me with your eyes. The boy that I stop at and speak to, will not matter to you. But the boy that I touch, will be Walter Wilding. Say nothing more to me, and move a little away."
   Quickly acting on the hint, the lady passes on into the room, and looks about her. After a few moments, the attendant, in a staid official way, walks down outside the line of tables commencing on her left hand. She goes the whole length of the line, turns, and comes back on the inside. Very slightly glancing in the lady's direction, she stops, bends forward, and speaks. The boy whom she addresses, lifts his head and replies. Good humouredly and easily, as she listens to what he says, she lays her hand upon the shoulder of the next boy on his right. That the action may be well noted, she keeps her hand on the shoulder while speaking in return, and pats it twice or thrice before moving away. She completes her tour of the tables, touching no one else, and passes out by a door at the opposite end of the long room.
   Dinner is done, and the lady, too, walks down outside the line of tables commencing on her left hand, goes the whole length of the line, turns, and comes back on the inside. Other people have strolled in, fortunately for her, and stand sprinkled about. She lifts her veil, and, stopping at the touched boy, asks how old he is?
   "I am twelve, ma'am," he answers, with his bright eyes fixed on hers.
   "Are you well and happy?"
   "Yes, ma'am."
   "May you take these sweetmeats from my hand?"
   "If you please to give them to me."
   In stooping low for the purpose, the lady touches the boy's face with her forehead and with her hair. Then, lowering her veil again, she passes on, and passes out without looking back.

Charles Dickens & Wilkie Collins, No Thoroughfare, 1867

see also Thomas Wright's Terrible Sights of London - click here

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Foundling Hospital?On a very different principle from that of the Enfans Trouves in Paris and from the great establishments of a similar nature in St. Petersburg and Vienna, is the admirable institution founded in 1739 by gentle-hearted Captain Thomas Coram. It is one of the condition of this thoughtful charity that it aims, not only at educating an maintaining the child, but at rec1aiming the mother. No appeal for admission to the hospital is ever entertained except on her personal application. The child who is fortunate enough to be received under the kindly shadow of the good captain is sure to have a fair start in the world, and every possible care is taken to prevent the unfortunate circumstances of the child birth interfering with its future prospects. Quite apart from its position as one of the most useful and best managed charities in London, the Foundling Hospital claims its place among our most interesting sights. The hospital owes much to Handel, who presented an organ to the chapel, and to Hogarth, whose portrait of Captain Coram is well known, and whose ?March to Finchley? is on of the most cherished possessions of the charity. In addition to the many other pictures by Reynolds, Gainsborough, and Wilson, are be seen in Guildford-street. The music in the chapel on Sunday has long been a special attraction and the choir, which is composed of the children themselves, has been assisted at various times by most distinguished singers. After morning service on Sundays visitors have an opportunity of seeing the children at dinner. The hospital is open to inspection on application to the secretary.

Charles Dickens (Jr.), Dickens's Dictionary of London, 1879

The Foundling Hospital is a Home which receives babies whose mothers cannot keep them, and whose fathers are not known. At one time the poor little things used to be put into a basket placed outside the door of this Home, and upon the niother ringing a bell the little one would be taken in. But now the mother has to tell the story of her life before her baby is taken in. There are always about two hundred of these little ones out at nurse in Kent and Surrey, where they are kept until five years of age. They are then brought to the Foundling Hospital, where they live till they are fifteen years of age, when they are apprenticed.

Uncle Jonathan, Walks in and Around London, 1895 (3 ed.)

FOUNDLING HOSPITAL, GUILDFORD STREET, ... Paintings by Hogarth and other old masters. Open Mondays, 10 to 4. Divine service on Sundays in the chapel, at 11 a.m.

Reynolds' Shilling Coloured Map of London, 1895

Victorian London - Publications - History - The Queen's London : a Pictorial and Descriptive Record of the Streets, Buildings, Parks and Scenery of the Great Metropolis, 1896 - The Foundling Hospital

THE FOUNDLING HOSPITAL.

 As things are at present, the Foundling Hospital has a misleading title, for children are now only admitted to it on the personal application of their mothers. The institution was established by Captain Thomas Coram in 1739 for deserted children; and at that time the Guildford Street district consisted of green fields. The yearly income of the Hospital, owing to the increased value of the estate, is about ?13000, and some five hundred boys and girls are cared for by the charity. The roof surmounted by a cross is that of the chapel and the Sunday morning service, at which the children sing, accompanied by the organ presented by Handel, one of the benefactors of the Hospital is among the most popular in London. After service, visitors are allowed to see the valuable pictures and other treasures in the western wing