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Victorian London - Legal System - Courts - Insolvent Court
In a lofty room, ill-lighted and worse ventilated, situated in
Portugal Street, Lincoln's Inn Fields, there sit nearly the whole year round, one, two, three, or four gentlemen in wigs,
as the case may be, with little writing-desks before them, constructed after the fashion of those used by the judges of the land,
barring the French polish. There is a box of barristers on their right hand; there is an enclosure of insolvent debtors on their left;
and there is an inclined plane of most especially dirty faces in their front. These gentlemen are the Commissioners of the
Insolvent Court, and the place in which they sit, is the Insolvent Court itself.
It is, and has been, time out of mind, the remarkable fate of
this court to be, somehow or other, held and understood, by the general consent of all the destitute shabby-genteel people in
London, as their common resort, and place of daily refuge. It is always full. The steams of beer and spirits perpetually ascend to
the ceiling, and, being condensed by the heat, roll down the walls like rain; there are more old suits of clothes in it at one time,
than will be offered for sale in all Houndsditch in a twelvemonth; more unwashed skins and grizzly beards than all the pumps and
shaving-shops between Tyburn and Whitechapel could render decent, between sunrise and sunset.
It must not be supposed that any of these people have the least
shadow of business in, or the remotest connection with, the place they so indefatigably attend. If they had, it would be no matter of
surprise, and the singularity of the thing would cease. Some of them sleep during the greater part of the sitting; others carry
small portable dinners wrapped in pocket-handkerchiefs or sticking out of their worn-out pockets, and munch and listen
with equal relish; but no one among them was ever known to have the slightest personal interest in any case that was ever brought
forward. Whatever they do, there they sit from the first moment to the last. When it is heavy, rainy weather, they all come in, wet
through; and at such times the vapours of the court are like those of a fungus-pit.
A casual visitor might suppose this place to be a temple dedicated to the Genius of Seediness. There is not a messenger or
process-server attached to it, who wears a coat that was made for him; not a tolerably fresh, or wholesome-looking man in the
whole establishment, except a little white-headed apple-faced tipstaff, and even he, like an ill-conditioned cherry preserved in
brandy, seems to have artificially dried and withered up into a
state of preservation to which he can lay no natural claim. The very barristers' wigs are ill-powdered, and their curls lack crispness.
But the attorneys, who sit at a large bare table below the commissioners, are, after all, the greatest curiosities. The professional
establishment of the more opulent of these gentlemen, consists of a blue bag and a boy;
generally a youth of the Jewish persuasion. They have no fixed offices, their legal business being transacted
in the parlours of public-houses, or the yards of prisons, whither they repair in crowds, and canvass for
customers after the manner of omnibus cads. They are of a greasy and mildewed appearance;
and if they can be said to have any vices at all, perhaps drinking and cheating are the most conspicuous among them. Their
residences are usually on the outskirts of 'the Rules,' chiefly lying within a circle of one mile from the obelisk in St. George's
Fields. Their looks are not prepossessing, and their manners are peculiar.
Mr. Solomon Pell, one of this learned body, was a fat, flabby,
pale man, in a surtout which looked green one minute, and brown the next, with a velvet collar of the same chameleon tints.
His forehead was narrow, his face wide, his head large, and his nose all on one side, as if Nature, indignant with the propensities
she observed in him in his birth, had given it an angry tweak which it had never recovered. Being short-necked and asthmatic,
however, he respired principally through this feature; so, perhaps, what it wanted in ornament, it made up in usefulness.
'I'm sure to bring him through it,' said Mr. Pell.
'Are you, though?' replied the person to whom the assurance was pledged.
'Certain sure,' replied Pell; 'but if he'd gone to any irregular
practitioner, mind you, I wouldn't have answered for the consequences.'
'Ah!' said the other, with open mouth.
'No, that I wouldn't,' said Mr. Pell; and he pursed up his lips,
frowned, and shook his head mysteriously.
Charles Dickens, Pickwick Papers, 1837
The Insolvent Debtors' Court, or Court for the Relief and
Discharge of Insolvent Debtors, is in Portugal Street, Lincoln's-
inn-Fields. The principle upon which it is established is this : -
The person is for ever released, but the property never, as long as
any claims remain unsatisfied.
Mogg's New Picture of London and Visitor's Guide
to it Sights, 1844
INSOLVENT DEBTORS (COURT FOR THE RELIEF OF), 33, LINCOLN'S INN FIELDS -
entrance, No.5 Portugal-street. The unclaimed monies arising from
insolvent estates is laid out in Exchequer Bills; the interest on which is now
applicable to the expenses of obtaining the discharge of poor prisoners,
pursuant to 118th sect. of Act 1 & 2 Vict., c.110. The first Commissioner
has 2000l. a-year; the three other Commissioners 1500l. each.
Peter Cunningham, Hand-Book of London, 1850