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"POLICE DUTY" CATECHISM AND REPORTS

BY
H. CHILDS, F.R.HIST.S.

AUTHOR OF
"SELF-EDUCATION FOR THE POLICE"; "THE USEFUL SPELLING BOOK," AND "PUNCTUATION AND POLICE ESSAYS."

FIFTH EDITION

COPYRIGHT

LONDON 
H.CHILDS, 3. CASTLE STREET, LONG ACRE, W.C.
1903

CONTENTS.

    ADVERTISEMENTS, ETC.  ; ASSAULTS, RIOT, ETC. ; BETTING, ETC. ; BICYCLES, ETC. ; BURGLARY, HOUSEBREAKING, ETC. ; COUNTERFEIT COIN  ;  CRUELTY TO ANIMALS, ETC.  ;  DEAD BODIES, ETC.  ;  DESERTERS, ETC.  ;  EXPLOSIVES, GUNS, ETC.  ;  FELONY, ETC.   ;  HACKNEY AND STAGE CARRIAGES  ;  HAWKERS AND PEDLARS   ;  INFANT LIFE PROTECTION ACT  ;  LICENSING ACT, 1902   ;  LOCOMOTIVES, ETC.   ;  LIGHT LOCOMOTIVES   ;  LUNATICS, ETC.  ;  MARINE STORE DEALERS   ; NUISANCES, ETC., AND COSTERMONGERS  ;  PAWNBROKERS, ETC.   ;  POLICE, ETC.   ;  PUBLIC-HOUSES ;  PREVENTION OF CRIMES ACT  ;  SWEEPS, ETC.  ;  TRAMS, ETC.  ;  WOMEN AND CHILDREN  ;  MISCELLANEOUS  ;  INFECTIOUS DISEASES  WITHIN METROPOLIS  ;  FOR SCOTCH POLICE  ;  FULLY WRITTEN REPORTS  ;   SPECIMEN SUMMONSES  ;  PARTICULARS OF A "BOILER EXPLOSION" REQUIRED BY BOARD OF TRADE

[-1-]

ADVERTISEMENTS AND INDECENT EXPOSURE, ETC.

    Ques. What is the regulation size of boards which are permitted to be carried about the public streets?
    Ans. 20 inches in breadth and 32 inches deep.
    Ques. What is the distance that must be kept between each man carrying advertisement-boards?
    Ans. 30 yards.
    Ques. Where must the boards he carried?
    Ans. In the carriage-way, clear of the kerb.
    Ques. What would you do if you saw a H. C. or M. S. C. plying for hire with bills stuck on the windows so as to obstruct the light, or cause annoyance to passengers? (16 and 17 Vic., C. 33, S. 15.)
    Ans. Take number of carriage, name and address of proprietor, No. of conductors badge, number and description of bills, and report the proprietor with a view to his being summoned.
    Ques. You see a carriage passing through a main thoroughfare, covered with bills advertising a play at a theatre. There are men inside giving out handbills to the public, and a great obstruction is caused. What steps would you take?
    Ans. inquire if permission had been granted by Commissioner if not, then take names and addresses of all the men employed with the carriage, also their employer's name ouch address, and report with a view to proceedings by summons.
    Ques.  You see an obscene print exhibited in a shop window for sale: what would you do?
    Ans. Report the facts, and await special directions from Commissioner.
    Ques. What would you do if you saw a man offering obscene prints for sale in the street, or even exhibiting? 
    [-2-] Ans. Take him into custody.
    Ques. Your attention is called by a gentleman to a man who is distributing handbills; he states that they are of an obscene nature - what steps?
    Ans. Keep him under observation, and if possible, procure a bill which I saw him distribute, and providing it bore words or drawings of an obscene character, I should take him into custody and charge him with the offence.
    Ques. Name some advertisements declared to be indecent.
    Ans. Any advertisement relating to syphilis, gonorrhoea, nervous debility, or other complaints of infirmity relating to sexual intercourse, when publicly posted up, exhibited, distributed, or attempted to be distributed.
    Ques. When would it be an offence to post up or write an indecent advertisement upon anything whatever?
    Ans. When the indecent advertisement would be visible to a person passing along any street, highway or footpath.
    Ques. In what case would it be an offence, even although an indecent advertisement could not be seen from a street, highway or footpath?
    Ans. If the indecent advertisement were posted up in a public urinal.
    Ques. In what two other places would it be an offence to put an indecent advertisement?
    Ans. In the window of a shop or house where it would he exhibited to public view, or down the area of a house.
    Ques. Describe the most penal offence under the Act. 
    Ans. Giving indecent advertisements to another person with the intent that they should be posted up, exhibited or distributed.
    Ques. What are your powers of arrest under this Act? 
    Ans. I have power to arrest any person whom I find committing any offence against this Act.
    Ques. What is the definition of "public place" within the Gaming and Indecent Exposure Acts?
    Ans. A place where the public go, although they have no right of access to the place, but have been in the habit of trespassing without interference.
    Ques. You see a man bathing in a pond so near to a public highway that he is exposing his person - would you charge him?
    Ans. Yes, on condition that I could prove an intent to insult females; if not, caution him.
    [-3-] Ques. What are disorderly houses?
    Ans. Common bawdy-houses, gaming-houses, brothels, betting-houses, and disorderly houses of entertainment. (25 Geo II., C. 36, S. 5.)
    Ques. Who must complain of a disorderly house (except a brothel) before action can be taken?
   Ans. Two inhabitants, who must make an information upon oath, and enter into a recognisance to prosecute. (25 Geo. II, C. 36, S5.)
    Ques. Who must complain of a brothel before action can be taken?
    Ans. The neighbouring inhabitants, who would complain to the Vestry Authorities, and the Vestry to the Police for summary action. (48 and 49 Vic., C. 69, S. 13.)
    Ques. May advertisements by bills be affixed to Vestry street-lamps
    Ans. No. (25 and 26 Vic., C. 102, S. 90.)

ASSAULTS, RIOT, ETC.

    The following acts amount to assault:

   1. Kissing a person against his or her consent.
   2. Cutting another's dress through without touching or intending to touch the wearer. (R. v. Day.)
   3. Setting a dog at another. (I Russ. Cr., 958.)
   4. Spitting in a person's face; pushing a third person against him. (6 Mod., 172, 149.)
   5. If a person advances with clenched fists to strike another, but the blow is not delivered owing to a third person holding the intending striker, an assault is committed. (Stephens v. Myers, 4 C. and P., 349.)
   6. Presenting a loaded fire-arm.

[-7-]

BETTING, ETC.

    Ques. It comes to your knowledge that facilities are being given, by fixing telegraphic instruments on licensed premises, for betting purposes what steps would you take
    Ans. I should report all particulars coming to my knowledge, and the landlord would be cautioned by an inspector that if facilities for betting were given, such steps would be taken by the Commissioner as the facts might warrant, either by summons or by opposing renewal of the licence.
    Ques. A householder complains to you about a man taking bets from men near his premises ; they are located within the Metropolis - what steps?
    Ans. I should get a description of the bookmaker and keep observation. Should I see two go up to him at the same time and make bets, I should apprehend the bookmaker. Otherwise I should report facts of complaint. If possible, apprehend all three men. (30 and 31 Vic., C. 134. S. 23.)
    Ques. Can you arrest under Sec. 23 (above) for obstruction by betting outside the Metropolis?
    Ans. No. The Act is not applicable. Proceed by summons under by-laws of county in which the offence is committed.
    Ques. Can you take any action against anyone who frequents any street, etc., for the purpose of betting ? Is there any power of arrest without warrant for it ? (Metropolitan.)
    Ans. Yes, by summons. No ; no power of arrest (L.C.C. Order, 1888 89).
    Ques. What constitutes obstruction by betting in the Street?
    Ans. Three or more persons assembled together. (30 and 31 Vic., C. 134, S. 23.)
    Ques. Within what distance of London is horse-racing illegal, unless licensed ? and who grants the licence?
    Ans. Within ten miles. (42 and 43 Vic., C. 18.) London County Council. (51 and 52 Vic., C. 41, S. 3)
    Ques. What constitutes horse-racing?
    Ans. Any race in which any horse, mare, or gelding shall run or be made to run in competition with any other horse, mare, or gelding, or against time, for any prize of what nature or kind soever, or for any bet or wager made or to he made in respect of any such horse, mare, or gelding, or the riders thereof, and at which more than twenty persons shall he present. (Race-courses' Licensing Act, 1879.)
    [-8-]  Ques. What do the words "persons resorting thereto" mean?
    Ans. Persons actually coming to the premises, and do not include those who merely send messages or telegrams. (R. v. Brown.)
    Ques. If a person sends a circular to a person under age inviting him to borrow money from the one who sent it, of what is he guilty?
    Ans. A misdemeanour.
    Ques. But what must be first proved, in above question?
    Ans. That the sender knew the person was an "infant"; and that he did it for earning commission, interest, reward, or other profit. (55 and 56 Vict., C. 4.)
    Ques. If persons were gambling in a railway carriage, while on a journey, would they be liable?
    Ans. Yes ; such a carriage is a place to which the public have or are permitted to have access. (Langrish v. Archer, 10 Q.B D., 44.)
    Ques. If you see a person offering bills, etc., wholly relating to betting, what would you do?
    Ans. Procure a copy of bill, take his name and address and report for summons.

BICYCLES, ETC.

    Ques. During what time is a bicyclist bound to have his lamp alight?
    Ans. During the period between one hour after sunset and one hour before sunrise.
    Ques. When may a tricycle be said to be a locomotive ?
    Ans. When propelled by steam. (Parkins v. Priest, 72 B.D., 313.)
    Ques. What are the regulations for bicycles and tricycles ?
   Ans. (a) During the period between one hour after sunset and one hour before sunrise every person riding or being upon such carriage shall carry attached to the carriage a lamp, which shall be so constructed and placed as to exhibit a light in the direction in which he is proceeding, and so lighted and kept lighted as to afford adequate means of signalling the approach or position of the carriage. (b) Upon overtaking any cart or carriage, or any horse, mule, or other beast of burden, or any foot-passenger, being on or proceeding along the carriage-way, every such person shall within a reasonable distance from and before passing such cart or carriage, horse, [-9-] mule, or other beast of burden, or such foot-passenger, by sounding a bell or whistle, or otherwise, give audible and sufficient warning of the approach of the carriage. Penalty not exceeding 40s. (51 and 52 Vic., c. 41.)
   Ques. Under what circumstances is a "bicycle" considered to be a "carriage"?
    Ans. Under the Acts which relate to traffic and within the Highway Acts. (51 and 52 Vic., c 41.)
    Ques. When is a "bicycle" not considered to be a "carriage"?
    Ans. For purpose of toll. (Williams v. Ellis, 44 J.P., 394.) 
   Ques. If you wanted to stop a cyclist for any offence, how should you do it?
   Ans. If possible, seize hold of the framework at the rear of machine.
    Ques. What does the term "sunset" mean?
    Ans. The time at which the sun actually sets at the place in question, and not the time given for Greenwich in the Almanac. (Gordon v. Cann, 68 L.J., Q.B., 434.)
    Ques. Where a person is charged with riding a bicycle on a footway, what is not necessary to be proved?
    Ans. Any injury to such highway, or injury, interruption, or personal danger to any person travelling thereon. (Brotherton v. Tittensor, 60 J.P., 72.)

BURGLARY AND HOUSEBREAKING, ETC.

    Ques. Between what hours would breaking into a dwelling-house be deemed a burglary?
    Ans. Between 9 p.m. and 6 am. Between 6 am. and 9 p.m. it would be housebreaking.
    Ques. Where any violence is used in connection with a case of burglary, how is it to be described?
    Ans. It is to be described as a "burglary with violence."
    Ques. You see a man walking along carrying a hand-bag, and your suspicions are aroused as to the genuineness of its contents - what would you do?
   Ans. I should stop and question him as to its contents. If he declined to open the bag and to answer any such question I thought necessary, I should take him into custody. 
    (The bag could only be opened by force by direction of a magistrate.)
    Ques. A burlary has been committed, and the offender gets clear away, but in making off he crosses a garden in which he leaves prints of his boots. A man is subsequently [-10-] arrested on suspicion. How would you act so as to ascertain whether the print of arrested man's boot corresponded with those in garden?
    Ans. Make a separate impression with the shoe or boot and compare; also take great care to prevent people from walking near the prints required for comparison.
    Ques. What is "robbery"?
    Ans. Theft accompanied with violence or threats of violence to any person or property, intentionally used to extort the property stolen, or to prevent or overcome resistance to its being stolen.
    Ques. What is "sacrilege"?
    Ans. The breaking and entering of a place of Divine worship and committing a felony therein, or, having committed a felony therein, breaking out. (24 and 25 Vic., C. 96, S. 50.)
    Ques. If a constable saw a man carrying stolen goods in the street, and before he could arrest him the man carried them into his house, would P.C. be justified in following him into the house and arresting him?
    Ans Yes; the power to arrest which accrued in the street was not lost by the man entering his own or another house. (R v. Fisher, 39 J.P., 612.)
    Ques. If a window is partly opened, but not sufficient to admit a person, would the raising of it so as to admit a person be a "breaking into" or "burglary"?
    Ans. No. (R. v. Smith.)
    Ques. What is a "dwelling-house"?
    Ans. A house in which some person habitually dwells.
    Ques. Iii the ease of a burglary or house-breaking having been committed, what should be done by police
    Ans. A superior officer should go to the premises, obtain all particulars as to entry, description, and value of property stolen, also of any suspicious persons, loitering near. If necessary, telegraph particulars to C.O. for circulation and for insertion in "Informnations " and Pawnbrokers' List. (Metropolitan.)
    Ques. What crimes are to he reported by telegram to Assistant Commissioner C.I.D.? (Metropolitan.)
   Ans. Serious offences, such as murder, manslaughter, or big burglary, and the offender has not been apprehended on the spot.
    Ques. What is an "actual breaking"?
   Ans. Opening the casement, or breaking the glass window, [-11-] picking open a lock with a false key, or putting back the lock with a knife or dagger, unlatching a door that is only latched. (Lord Hale.)
   Ques. What does to " break " mean?
    Ans. To break any part, internal or external, of a building, or to open by any means whatever (including lifting in the case of things kept in their places by their own weight), any door, window, shutter, cellar flap, or other thing intended to cover openings to the building, or give passage from one part of it to another. (Criminal Code, 1879.)
    Ques. What is "entering"?
    Ans. Getting any part of the body of the person making the entry, into a building; or putting in a hook or other implement to reach out goods ; or puts a pistol in at the window with an intent to kill, though the hand be not within the building. (1 Hale 555.)
    Ques.  In burglary, must the "breaking" and "entering" take place on the same night?
    Ans. No. The "breaking" may be on one night, and the entering on another. (R. v. Smith.)

COUNTERFEIT COIN.

    Ques. When does counterfeit coin uttering amount to a felony?
    Ans. On a second offence of uttering after a previous conviction. (24 and 25 Vic., C. 99, S. 12.)
    Ques. What would you do if a person was given into custody to prevent him from disposing of counterfeit coin which he may have in his possession.
    Ans. Search him immediately in the presence of the complainant, if possible ; if not, take such precautions as would prevent him disposing of any such coins he may have in his possession.
    Ques. If a magistrate was not satisfied that a counterfeit coin found on prisoner was base, what would you do?
    Ans. Take the coin to be tested to the nearest silversmith or chemist, and present the bill of expenses to the nmagistrate, on whose requisition the Treasury Solicitor would allow them.
    Ques. If a prisoner is remanded for uttering counterfeit coins, what steps would you take?
    Ans. Forward the coin or coins to the Treasury to be properly tested, also attend at Treasury Solicitor's office with [-12-] a copy of the charge, for inquiries to be made regarding former convictions, etc.
    Ques. May a person make imitation British copper coins?
    Ans. No ; it is a felony. (24 and 25 Vic., c. 99)
    Ques. If a person has uttered or tendered a counterfeit coin at a shop, could he be charged? If so, under what conditions?
    Ans. Yes. If he had in his possession other counterfeit coins, or had with intent within ten days from the first "uttering" again tendered a false coin. (24 and 25 Vic., C. 99.)
    Ques. Must a person "utter" counterfeit coin before he can be charged?
    Ans. No. If he has three or more counterfeit gold or silver coins in his possession with intent to utter or put off the same or any of them, he can be charged, and it is a misdemeanour. (24 and 25 Vic., C. 99)
    Ques.  If you were called by a tradesman to a man who had attempted to pass a counterfeit dorm on him, what steps would you take?
    Ans. At once search the accused in the shop and in complainant's presence, if possible, and if other counterfeit coin be found on him, take possession of it and initial it. See that he does not make away with any coins, etc., while searching or taking him to station.
    Ques. If a person is arrested for uttering, possessing, or being in any way connected with the manufacture of counterfeit, what is to he specially done?
    Ans. Report by telegram full particulars of the case to Assistant Commissioner, C.I D. (Metropolitan.)
    Ques. For what offence are you justified in searching a prisoner as soon as you take him into custody?
    Ans. Having counterfeit coin, or uttering same.
    Ques. Would it be an "uttering and putting off" if a person wilfully gave a counterfeit coin to a charity.
    Ans. Yes. (R. v. Page, 8 C. and P. 122)
    Ques.  Would it be an "uttering " if a genuine sovereign had been fraudulently filed at the edges so as to reduce it in weight?
    Ans. Yes. (R. v. Hermann, 4 Q.B.D., 284.)
    Ques. What is not necessary to be proved in the case of a person having counterfeit coin "dies" in his possession?
    [-13-] Ans. The intent to make counterfeit coin; nor that money was actually made with them. (Ridgelay's case.)

CRUELTY TO ANIMALS, ETC.

    Ques. What does the word "animal" mean in this Act?
    Ans. Any bird, beast, fish, or reptile, which is not included in the Cruelty to Animals Acts, 1849 and 1854.
    Ques. What is the main provision of this Act?
    Ans. Any person who cruelly beats, ill-treats, over-drives, abuses, or tortures any animal, or causes, or procures such to be done, shall be guilty of an offence.
    Ques. In dealing with a case of cruelty to animals, what should you be careful to do?
    Ans. To observe and note in writing the exact nature of the cruelty, the condition of the animal and the character of its wounds, their situation, and, especially if old, if discharging, and in contact with harness, which should be examined for adhering particles of matter and dried blood. Also get the name and address of one or more respectable witnesses willing to give supporting evidence.
    Ques. If the case is one of overloading, what  must be shown?
    Ans. Painful distress of the animal, such as trembling, falling, unusual perspiration or exhaustion, or else violence on part of the driver.
    Ques. In every case what should be carefully observed and remembered?
    Ans. The exact words of accused when stopped, as they frequently amount to an admission of guilt.
    Ques. What are your powers of arrest under the Cruelty to Animals Act?
    Ans. I have power to arrest any person whom I see committing an offence against this Act, also upon the complaint of any other person who gives his name and address.
    Ques. What are the duties of police respecting a serious accident to a horse in the street?
    Ans. The police officer present is (if the owner is absent or refuses) to at once send for a veterinary surgeon, who is to be requested to bring anaesthetics, which he is to use if he considers necessary, if the animal is not to be killed. If he certifies that it ought to be killed, then the officer, without waiting for the consent of the owner, is to at once take steps to have it killed, first asking the vet, to do so; if he refuses to do so, send for a cattle or horse slaughterer. But a horse [-14-] slaughterer should be sent for to remove the carcase. Vet.'s fee 10s. 6d., cattle slaughterer 5s. No fee to horse slaughterer if called to kill and remove.
    Ques. A horse suffering from a sore shoulder is found working in a public carriage - what steps would you take?
    Ans. I should see that the harness did not rub the sore, take the number of carriage, owner's name and address, also driver's badge number, and direct the driver to take it home. I should immediately acquaint the officer on duty at station, who would supply me with Form No. - on which I should enter particulars, height, colour distinguishing points of animal, which would then be submitted through the Superintendent to P.C.O. A telegram is sent in gross cases where driver is charged with cruelty.
    Ques. If a householder complained to you of a noisy animal in a neighbour's garden, what should you do?
    Ans. Inform him that he should go to the station with two other householders similarly annoyed, to fill in the necessary notice which has to he served on the owner of animal before proceedings can be taken.
    Ques. Information is given you that a horse is suffering from glanders - what steps would you take?
   Ans. I should immediately send notice to the Veterinary Inspector of the Local Authority and to the station, and see that the affected animal is isolated.
    Ques. Information is received at the station that pigs are suffering from swine fever - what steps would you take?
    Ans. (1) Immediately give notice to the local authorities; (2) see that the affected animals are separated from other animals; (3) send a postal telegram to the Board of Agriculture, 4, Whitehall Place, SW., embodying the following information Full name of owner of premises, and name of premises where disease exists ; name of district, whether county or borough ; name and address of sender.
    (Telegrams sent by a police officer will be accepted free of charge at any post office in Great Britain, if with the words "On Service of Board of Agriculture," followed by name of sender in full, the word "Police" being written in space provided for postage stamps.)
    Ques. If a person took a horse suffering from glanders through the public street, well knowing that it was so suffering, could he be charged?
    Ans. Yes if his name and address are not known to the [-15-] P.C. and such person fails to give them to the satisfaction of the P.C.
    Ques. During what hours are cattle prohibited from being driven through the general limits?
   Ans. Between 10 a.m. and 7 p.m. In the parish of Islington between 12pm. Saturday and 12p.m.Sunday.
   Ques. If a P.C. is required by a person to take another person into custody for cruelty to an animal not committed in the P.C.'s view, what should he do?
    Ans. Either inquire into all particulars or see the animal, so as to form an opinion of what has occurred before apprehending offender. (12 and 13 Vic., C.. 92.)
    Ques. If a person wanted to obtain a licence for keeping a slaughter-house for cattle not used for butcher's meat, what must he do first?
    Ans. Give one month's notice to Borough Council, Vestry or District Board.
    Ques. If you received information that a boat proceeding along the river is laden with cattle suffering from pleuro-pneumonia, what steps would you take?
    Ans. Stop the boat and satisfy myself that the cattle were so infected; require the boat to be forthwith taken back to or into any place or district wherefrom or whereout it was unlawfully removed, and execute and enforce it; give notice to local authority, and to Director, Veterinary Department, Board of Agriculture, London, SW. (Pleuro-Pneumonia Order, 1891.)
    Ques. If birds (linnets) are kept in a state of captivity, and trained as decoy birds for bird catching, are they domestic animals?
    Ans. Yes. (Colam v. Paget, 48 J.P., 263.)
    Ques. Under the "Wild Animals in Captivity Protection Act, 1900," what are you not allowed to do?
    Ans. Not to apprehend the offender, except by warrant, but you must proceed by summons. 
    Ques. Who can be indicted for a summons under the above Act?
    Ans. Those who cause or permit the cruelty.
    Ques. Is it all offence to terrify a decoy bird, used by bird-catchers, by throwing a net over it?
    Ans. Yes.
    Ques. What is the general close season for the protection of wild birds?
   [-16-] Ans. From March 1st to August 1st.
   Ques. Within the Metropolitan police district what are the variations of the close season?
    NOTE.- Nearly all birds are now protected during the whole of the year in the county of London.
Ans. County of London, February 1st to August 31st; County of Middlesex, Februmary 1st to August 31st ; County of Hertford, February 15th to August 15th ; County of Essex, March 15th to August 1st.
   Ques. If you see a person decoying birds with appliances, what would you do?
    Ans. Seize all appliances, take name and address of person, produce appliances at court on the hearing of the summons.

DEAD BODIES, ETC.

    Ques. You find the dead body of a man (unknown) in the street, on whom it is not considered necessary to hold an inquest - within how many days would you attend at the office and register his death?
    Ans. Five days. (37 and 38 Vic., C. 88, S. 11.)
    Ques. A doctor who holds a coroner's warrant to hold a post-mortem examination on a dead body, appeals to you to assist him in gaining admission, as the door is locked against him at the house where the body lies, and the occupiers threaten him with violence - what action would you take?
    Ans. I should accompany him to the house, and during such examination I should remain and act if a breach of the peace were committed. He, on being refused admission, may use whatever force is necessary to reach the body by breaking open doors.
    (Any person holding a coroner's warrant may break open doors to get at the body, and those obstructing him are guilty of a misdemeanour.)
   Ques. May police remove dead bodies from private houses on request of householder ? If not, whose duty is it?
   Ans. (1) No except in very exceptional circumstances on superintendent's instruction, when the police ambulance may be used if desired;  (2) the parochial authorities and coroners officer.
    Ques. From what places may police remove dead bodies?
    Ans. From the streets and other public places where police perform duty, and when applicationis made from public gardens, railways, at places of amusement, and any locality where they may be exposed to public view.
   [-17-]
    Ques. In the case of a death by violent means, what steps should be taken?
    Ans. Remain by the body until properly relieved; send messenger for inspector and divisional surgeon ; not allow the body to be moved, or room or place or anything about it to be interfered with; exclude the public, amid give no information to public except by permission of superior officer.
    Ques. If the relatives and friends of a deceased man refused to bury the body, what should be done?
    Ans. The Board of Guardians of the district are to bury it, and recover the expenses in a summary manner from any person legally liable to pay the expenses (54 and 55 Vic. C. 76).

DESERTERS, ETC.

    Ques. If a young seaman left his ship without leave and joined the Royal Navy, could he be charged with desertion?
    Ans. No. (Merchant Service Act, 1854, S. 214.)
    Ques. What steps would you take if you saw a number of sandwich-men wearing uniforms similar to those worn by any regiment of H.M. Army?
    Ans. Take men's names and addresses, also that of employer, and report for summons.
    Ques. Are such uniforms allowed to be used in a stage play?
    Ans. Yes.
    Ques. Under what circumstances would you send a naval deserter back to his ship, without being brought before a magistrate?
    Ans. If police held a warrant for his arrest, and there is no doubt as to his identity.
    Ques. What steps would you take if a seaman's discharge was found and brought to the station?
    Ans. If not claimed within seven days, forward it to the Superintendent, Mercantile Marine Office.
    Ques. If a man came to you and said he was a deserter from the army, which you subsequently find to be false, what would you charge him with?
    Ans. With falsely confessing himself to be a deserter. (44 and 45 Vic., C. 86, S. 152.)
    Ques. If some soldier's clothing was found and brought to the station, what would you do?
    Ans. Send them to the Inspector of Clothing, Royal Clothing Department, Pimlico, and obtain a receipt.
    [-19-] 
    Ques. If you have a sailor in custody in uniform, and the police-van is not available, how would you take him to the Police Court?
   Ans. In a cab.
   Ques. If you saw a man whom you know to he a deserter standing at the street door of a house, and on your approach he enters and closes the door, what steps would you take, supposing you do not hold a warrant for his apprehension?
    Ans. Knock at door, inform occupier what had transpired, and request permission to enter and effect the man's apprehension. Should the occupier decline to do so, make a full report with a view to a warrant being speedily applied for. (47 Vic., C. 8, S. 6; Army Act, 1884.)
    Ques. If a man in custody, charged with an offence, has in his possession a quantity of naval uniform, what should you do?
    Ans. Submit report to Commissioner without delay for inquiries to be made at Admiralty to ascertain whether he is a deserter or not. If brought before magistrate before inquiries have been made, apply for a remand.
    Ques. If any article of Royal Marine clothing comes into the possession of the police, what is to be done with it? (Metropolitan.)
    Ans. Taken to the Admiralty Recruiting Department, 22, Spring Gardens, and a receipt obtained for it.
    Ques. If "arms" or articles of equipment come into the hands of the police, what should be done with them? (Metropolitan.)
    Ans. Forwarded to the Army Ordnance Department, Tower of London.
    Ques. Suppose a cab driver, or bus or tram conductor found any kind of military clothing or arms in their vehicles, and handed them to the police, what should be done with then? (Metropolitan.)
    Ans. Forwarded to the Lost Property Office, with the deposit sheet in the same manner as all other property found in public carriages.

EXPLOSIVES, GUNS, ETC.

    Ques. What is an explosive?
    Ans. Gunpowder, nitro-glycerine, dynamite, gun-cotton, blasting powders, fulminate of mercury, or of other metals, coloured fires, and every other substance, whether similar to those above mentioned or not, used or manufactured with a [-19-] view to produce a practical effect by explosion or a pyrotechnic effect ; also fog-signals, fireworks, fuses, rockets, percussion caps, detonators, cartridges ammunition of all descriptions, and every adaptation or preparation as above defined. (38 and 39 Vic., C. 17.)
    Ques. Does a person holding a licence or certificate to kill game require a gun licence?
    Ans. No. (S. 7, S.-S. 3.)
    Ques. If a person carrying a gun declined to produce a licence on being requested, and you took him into custody, what would he be charged with, and how would you act?
    Ans. I should charge him with refusing his name and address when found carrying a gun for which he could produce no authority on my demand. After the magistrate had dealt with the offence of refusal of name and address, I should report the case in the usual way for the information of the Secretary of the Inland Revenue.
    Ques. When may you enter upon lands or premises for the purpose of enforcing this Act?
    Ans. When I see a person using or carrying a gum upon the lands or premises ; but I cannot enter a dwelling-house or its curtilage.
    Ques. Name a few practical points to be kept in mind in carrying out the provisions of the Gun Licence Act?
    Ans. (1) I have no power to arrest a man for merely carrying a gun without a licence or other authority. (2) I have no power to seize guns under this Act. (3) I should never demand a game certificate where a gun licence is produced, as I have no duty to discharge as to whether persons have or have not licences to kill game.  (4) I should not enter upon private lands merely in expectation of meeting with persotms contravening the Act. 
    Ques. What is the least quantity of gunpowder allowed to be sold loose?
    Ans. One pound. (38 and 39 Vic., C. 17, S. 32.)
    Ques. If it exceeds one pound, under what conditions must it be sold?
    Ans. It must be in a substantial case or canister, made and closed so as to prevent it escaping. (S. 30.)
    Ques. Who grants gunpowder licences?
    Ans. The "local authorities," and the premises must be registered annually. Should the licence not be renewed within twelve months, application must be made for a new one. (S. 21)
    [-20-] 
    Ques. What amount is permitted to be kept on substantially built premises, or in a fireproof safe apart from a dwelling-house, or at a reasonable distance from a public place? (S. 22, S.-S. 2A.) 
    Ans. 200 lb.
    Ques. What is a "gun"?
    Ans. A fire-arm of any description, which includes an air- un, or any other kind of gun from which any shot, bullet, or other missile can be discharged. A boy's small pocket pistol has been held to be a firearm. (33 and 34 Vic., C. 57, S 7.)
    Ques. Where can a person carry a gun without a licence?
    Ans. Within a dwelling-house or the curtilage thereof, which includes out-buildings, offices, yards, and enclosed ground adjoining the house.
    Ques. Does a railway company require a licence to store fog signals? What must they prove?
    Ans. No. They must prove that they are for use on the railway. (C. 17, S. 50.)
    Ques. Under what circumstances can a wife give evidence against her husband? (46 and 47 Vic., C. 3)
    Ans. In the case of the husband making or having possession of explosives under suspicious circumstances.
    Ques. What would you do if you saw a licensed hawker selling fireworks from house to house? (38 and 39 Vic., C. 17, S. 30.)
    Ans. I should require to see his licence and copy particulars thereof and see that the name on licence corresponded with such on side of cart; also obtain a description of the fireworks and report for summons.
    Ques. Under what age is it illegal to sell gunpowder to a child?
    Ans. Thirteen years of age.
    Ques. You see a man whom you know is a farmer, and who resides about a mile from his farm, carrying a gun along the public highway; you know that he has no licence - what would you do?
    Ans. I should inquire where he was going, and what he was going to do with the gun. Should he reply, "To my farm to scare the birds," such answer would be sufficient not to justify legal proceedings. (33 and 34 Vic., C. 57, S-S. 4.)
    Ques. How much gunpowder may be kept inside a dwelling, or in a building other than mentioned in last question? (S. 22, S.-S. 2B.) 
    Ans. 50 lb.
    [-21-]
    Ques. What amount could be kept if stored un a fireproof safe within such a dwelling-house or building?
    Ans. 100 lb.
    Ques. What would you do if you saw a boy aged eleven enter a shop and purchase two-pennyworth of fireworks?
    Ans. Take the boy's name and address and a description of fireworks, also name and address of person from whom he made the purchase. (38 and 39 Vic., C. 17, S. 31.)
    Ques. What would you do if yousaw a person casting or firing fireworks in a public thoroughfare?
    Ans. If known to me, I should report the offender for a summons ; otherwise I should apprehend and charge him. (38 and 39 Vic., C. 17. S. 80.)
    Ques. What is the state of the law as to the conveyance of explosives in passenger boats and carriages?
    Ans. Explosives shall not be carried in a passenger carriage or boat unless the quantity be under 5 lb., and all due precautions be taken for the prevention of accidents by fire or explosion.
    (Certain explosives are in no case to he carried by such carriage or boat.)
    Ques. What would you do if you were to meet a man on the public highway carrying a gun who, on being requested to produce a licence, declined, and also refused to give his name and address?
    Ans. I should take him into custody and charge him with the offence. (S. 9.)
    Ques. If you were to meet two men each carrying a part of a gun on the public highway, what would you do?
    Ans. Demand to see their licences. lf they could not produce them, I should take their names and addresses, and report them. (S. 8.)
    Ques. You are on duty in a public highway, and you see a man crossing an adjoining field carrying a gun - what steps would you take?
    Ans. I should enter the field and request him to produce his licence. Should he be unable to do so, I should take his name and address and report him; but I cannot enter a dwelling-house or the curtilage for this purpose. (S. 10.) 
    Ques. What is the duration of a gun-licence?
    Ans. Twelve months, expiring on July 31st.
    Ques. Only during what time may the Thames Police search for and seize explosives on board a vessel in the Thames or any part of it (docks, creeks, etc.)
    Ans. Between sunrise and sunset (2 and 3 Vict., C. 47).

[-22-]

FELONY, ETC.

   Ques. What is felony?
   Ans. It is the more serious offence, and includes murder and attempts to murder and maim ; manslaughter; rape robbery and attempts to rob; burglary; house-breaking; cattle, horse and sheep stealing; stealing from dwelling-house and theft generally ; receiving stolen goods; embezzlement, etc.; setting fire to any house or outbuilding, stacks or crops nearly all cases of forging and coining; assault when armed or with intent to rob.
   Ques. What is the difference in the offences committed viz., stealing apples growing in an orchard, and stealing apples out of a basket placed outside a shop?
   Ans. The first case is a misdemeanour, and if charged with stealing, it should be shown whether it was growing fruit. The second is "felony," and should be charged as in the case of articles, etc. ([1] 24 and 25 Vic., C. 96, S. 36; [2] C. 96, S. 1.)
   Ques. You are on duty near a railway embankment, and you see a man other than a railway servant remove the light from a semaphore - what would you do?
   Ans. I should stop him, take him to the officials at the railway station, and explain his conduct. If he was unknown to them, and they expressed a desire to charge him, as the trains were still running, I should take him into custody, one of the officials going to the station to sign the charge sheet. (24 and 25 Vic., C. 100, S. 32.)
   Ques. What is the offence, and how would he be charged? 
   Ans. The offence is "felony." Unlawfully and maliciously removing the light of a signal situated at ... on the ... Railway so as to endanger the safety of persons travelling, or being upon such railway at . . (time), . . (date), . . (parish).
   Ques. The owner of a steam-plough points out a man to you whom he states has broken off several of the valves, rendering the plough useless, and he wishes to give him into custody - what would you do?
   Ans. I should take him into custody and convey him to the police-station, the complainant going there to substantiate the charge and sign the charge-sheet. (24 and 25 Vic., C. 97 S. 15.)
   Ques. What is an accessory after the fact?
   Ans. One who, knowing a felony has been committed by another person, receives, relieves, comforts, or assists the [-23-] felon in order to hinder his being apprehended or tried, or suffering the punishment to which he is condemned. (24 and 25 Vic, C. 94.)
   Ques. What is an accessory before the fact?
   Ans. One who is absent at the time the felony is committed, but doth procure, counsel, command, or abet another to commit a felony which is committed in consequence of such counselling, procuring, or commandment. (24 and 25 Vic., C. 94.)
   Ques. How can an accessory before the fact be now tried and punished?
   Ans. As a principal. (Same Act.)
   Ques. Would a woman who sheltered her husband, he being an escaped felon, be an accessory after the fact?
   Ans. No. (Stephens Digest.)
   Ques. If a person inQues another to commit a felony, what could he be charged with?
   Ans. A misdemeanour.
   Ques. If the chimney of a house is on fire, is the occupier liable?
   Ans. Yes. (10 and 11 Vic., C. 89.)
   Ques. What must he prove so as not to be convicted?
   Ans. That the fire was in nowise owing to omission neglect, or carelessness of himself or servant.
   Ques. If it is proved that he wilfully set the chimney on fire, what offence is it?
   Ans. Felony. (10 and 11 Vic, C. 89.)
   Ques. What offence is it if a person unlawfully removes a buoy, so as to endanger a ship, vessel, or boat?
   Ans. Felony. (24 and 25 Vic., C. 97.)
   Ques. If a person induces a postman to intercept or deliver up a letter when in the course of transmission by the post, what would he be charged with?
   Ans. Felony. (R. v. James.)
   Ques. If a reasonable charge of felony is preferred against a person, is a constable bound to arrest?
   Ans. Yes ; even although upon investigation it turns out that no felony has been committed, the arrest and detention are justified. (Cowles v. Dunbar, 2. C. and P., 565.)
   Ques. In what cases would it be advisable for a constable to break into a house, although no felony has been committed and where it would be dangerous to delay in effecting the arrest ?
   Ans. (1) Persons fighting furiously in a house ; (2) [-24-] premises entered by persons with a felonious intent, and there are no other means of entering.
   Ques. When a prisoner is charged with felony, what must be carefully avoided, and what warning should be given him
   Ans. That no statement of an incriminating nature be extracted from him either by police or any other person. He should be warned that anything he says may be used in evidence against him.
   Ques. Before a person is charged, what should the officer in charge of the station carefully do?
   Ans. Ascertain that there are reasonable grounds for charging the person, and carefully consider and investigate the matter before accepting the charge.

HACKNEY AND STAGE CARRIAGES.

   Ques. What is the longest distance a cabman can be compelled to drive a fare
   Ans. Six miles, within Metropolitan Police District. (32 and 33 Vic., c. 115, S. 9.)
   Ques. Between what hours is a cab-driver not bound to hire his cab by time?
   Ans. Between the hours of 8 p.m. and 6 am. (16 and 17 Vic., C. 33, sch. A.)
   Ques. What rate is a H.C. driver supposed to drive at?
   Ans. Not less than six miles per hour. (16 and 17 Vic, C. 33, S. 17 [2].)
   Ques. What rate if hired by time?
   Ans. Not more than four miles an hour. (16 and 17 Vic., C. 33, S. 17.)
   Ques. Should the hirer require him to drive at a greater speed, and he covers more than four miles an hour, can he demand more fare?
   Aus. Yes ; he can charge for the distance over four miles. (16 and 17 Vic., C. 33, S. 17.)
   Ques. If hired by time, how long is he compelled to drive at least?
   Aus. One hour. (16 and 17 Vic., C. 33, S. 17)
   Ques. If two horses are attached to a H.C., is the hirer compelled to pay extra ? If so, what amount?
   Ans. Yes ; one-third more than ordinary fare for time and distance. (16 and 17 Vic., C. 33, S. 17.)
   Ques. A fare contracts with a driver to drive him a certain distance for a stated amount, which exceeds the legal fare. [-25-] When the hirer discharges him he pays the legal fare. Can the driver demand the amount he agreed to drive him for?
   Ans. No ; the amount demanded over legal fare, if paid, can be recovered (1 and 2 Wm. IV., C. 22, S. 43.)
   Ques. If he plies for hire on a Sunday, is he subject to the same regulations as a weekday?
   Ans. Yes. (1 and 2 Wm. IV., C. 22, S. 37.)
   Ques. If a driver finds anything in his cab, within what time must he deposit it at a police station ? (The same regulations apply to M.S.C drivers and conductors.)
   Ans. Within twenty-four hours, if not sooner claimed. (16 and 17 Vic., c. 33, S. 11.)
   Ques. What is the limited time that a complaint can be made against a licensed person?
   Ans. Seven days.
   Ques. If you see a driver wearing a badge which has been circulated as lost, what steps would you take?
   Ans. Seize badge, take name and address of person wearing it, also the number of carriage and name and address of proprietor. (6 and 7 Vic., C. 86, S. 10.)
   Ques. You see a driver or conductor of a public carriage wearing a badge which has been granted to another person, and the wearer declines his name and address, what would you do?
   Ans. I should take him into custody and charge him with unlawfully wearing the badge. (16 and 17 Vic., c. 86, S. 10.)
   Ques. What is the least age a person must be before a M.S.C. or H.C. driver's licence can be granted to him within the Metropolis ? (32 and 33 Vic., C. 115, S. 8.)
   Ans. Stage driver twenty-one years of age; H.C. driver twenty-one years of age.
   Ques. A cab driver brings a cylinder to the station which has been left in his cab ; it apparently contains compressed gas - what would you do?
   Ans. I should exercise great care in handling it, and place it in a position where it would not roll about ; also place it in some open space and send for a smith or gas-fitter, who would allow the contents to escape; also submit a report of the expense incurred attached to the deposit sheet.
   Ques. If property found in public carriages is detained beyond the legal time, what is necessary for the depositor to do ? If a Sunday intervenes, is it to be calculated as a period of delay?
   [-26-]
   Ans. Make out a report in explanation of the delay, and it is to be submitted with the deposit sheet. No.
   Ques. What is necessary for you to do if a licensed driver or conductor is convicted of felony or unlawful possession?
   Ans. Draw the magistrate's attention to the fact that, if the licence be not revoked, he can claim it at the expiration of his punishment.
   Ques. Within what time must a driver or conductor hand in his licence and badge after the expiration of the licence?
   Ans. Within three days. (13 and 14 Vic., C. 7, S. 2.)
   Ques. If a bag or box which is locked, or a sealed parcel be deposited at a station, what is necessary before it should be given up to an applicant ? Should he raise an objection to such necessaries being carried out, what would you do?
   Ans. He should be requested to open the bag or parcel, so that the contents would be described on deposit sheet, and the usual award paid. He is to be referred to the Lost Property Office, where the property is to be sent by the next despatch with the deposit sheet, accompanied by a special report of the circumstances.
   Ques. If property of the apparent value of £5, which has been found in a public carriage, is deposited at a police station, what is necessary to do?
   Ans. Telegraph particulars immediately to Lost Property Office.
   Ques. What are the regulations for Metropolitan stage or hackney carriage proprietors to observe respecting advertisements on their vehicles?
   Ans. That no notice, advertisement, printed bill, or any names, letters or numbers may appear on the outside of such carriage, so as to obstruct light or ventilation or on the inside, so that such notice, advertisement or bill obstructs light or ventilation, or causes annoyance to passengers. (16 and 17 Vic., C. 33.)
   Ques. If a passenger should find property belonging to another person on a M.S.C., to whom should he hand it?
   Ans. To the conductor; or, if there is no conductor, to the driver. Should the finder refuse, he or she is liable to a penalty of £10.
   Ques. If a private person finds a mislaid or lost badge, within what time must he deliver it up at a police station?
   [-27-] Ans. Within three days ; is. is paid to the person. Penalty for not handing it in is 40s.
   Ques. What are the colours of badges of licensed drivers and conductors?
   Ans. M. S.C. driver, white letters on chocolate ground; M.S.C. conductor, black letters on yellow ground; HG. driver, black letters on white ground; motor cab driver, white letters on green ground (same as shoeblacks) ; M.S.C. motor driver, white on blue ground (same as street messengers).
   Ques. At what place in London is a hackney carriage driver not allowed to ply for hire, nor any hawker, news-vendor, or idle or disorderly person allowed to stop or loiter on the pavement outside the building?
   Ans. Opposite the G P.O., St. Martin's-le-Grand. Penalty £5. (1 Vic., C. 36.)
   Ques. What is the least age a person must be before a stage driver's licence can be granted him outside London?
   Ans. Sixteen years of age. (6 and 7 Vic., C. 86, S. 8.)
   Ques. If a cab is standing on the premises of a railway company by their leave, can the driver be compelled to convey any person desirous of hiring it?
   Ans. No. (Case v. Storey.)
   Ques. If a licensed carriage is withdrawn for two consecutive days, what power has the Commissioner of Police?
   Ans. He may suspend or recall the licence. (16 and 17 Vic., C. 127, S. 16.)
   Ques. If a proprietor wishes to withdraw the carriage, how many days' notice must he give?
   Ans. Ten days. (16 and 17 Vic., C. 127, S. 16.)
   Ques. Should a proprietor change his address, within what time must he produce his licence at C.O. for the purpose of having it endorsed with new address?
   Ans. Seven days.
   Ques. If a driver or conductor change his address, what is necessary for him to do ?
   Ans. Give notice in writing to the Commissioner within two days, stating new address ; also must produce his licence at C.O. to be thus endorsed. (6 and 7 Vic., C. 86, s.15)
   Ques. What is the least amount of money a cabman is allowed to take for a fare?
   Ans. 1s. (30 and 31 Vic., C. 134, 5. 26.)
   Ques. If you take the driver of a hackney carriage into custody during the time he is acting as driver, what other steps are necessary?
   [-28-] Ans. Have carriage taken to station, telegram sent to the station nearest the residence of proprietor requesting him to send a driver for the carriage. (6 and 7 Vic., C. 86, S. 27)
   Ques. If you saw a person unlawfully acting as a conductor of a M.S.C. without a licence, what would you do?
   Ans. Take the number of M.S.C. and apply for summons against proprietor for employing an unlicensed person, and against the conductor for acting without a licence.
   Ques. Under what circumstances may a hackney carriage driver's licence be granted to a person under twenty-one years of age?
   Ans. In a case where he is recommended by a proprietor to the Commissioner on "special grounds.'
   Ques. If the driver or conductor of a M.S.C. or H.C. report the loss of his badge or licence at the station, what steps should be taken?
   Ans. Not to "circulate" it, but send direct to Public Carriage Branch, to be there dealt with.
   Ques. If a P.C. saw a case of cruelty (not gross) to a horse drawing a public carriage (M.S.C. or H.C.), what should he do?
   Ans. Take name and address or number of proprietor and driver and report it. Not to seize the horse or take the driver into custody.
   Ques. If it is a serious ease of cruelty or torture, what should be done ?
   Ans. The animal should be taken without delay before a magistrate, have driver charged, and information sent to Public Carriage Branch together with a description of the horse.
   Ques. If a driver of M.S.C. or H.C. drives on wrong side of a street, refuge, or rest, what offence must the P.C. prove ?
   Ans. Misbehaviour, wanton driving, or driving to the common danger.
   Ques. You see a man, whom you know to be employed as a clerk, driving a hansom cab, in which is a fare, in public street. What steps would you take?
   Ans. Seize the badge, if any, take man and cab to station, and inform Commissioner or Public Carriage Department to find whose badge he is wearing, also inform proprietor of cab. Take proceedings against the prisoner for driving hansom cab without a licence, and if the proper driver has lent him his badge, summon him also.
   DUTIES OF POLICE AT A CAB RANK (METROPOLITAN).
   Examine each H.C. and horse on the standing and report either unfit, or harness defective or unsound. Not to allow over the number on the stand. Report all eases of drunkenness, misconduct, etc., of drivers, and to pay special attention to furious and wanton driving. Report any cab without approval mark, or damaged or improperly fixed plate. If standing is in a busy place, see that no driver leaves his cab. Not to allow the drivers to stand together on pavement, or to cause any obstruction or annoyance. See that all tables of distances, tables, etc., are all right. Patrol to a distance of 150 yards, but keep the stands in sight. Not to gossip with drivers. See that the water from water-posts is not used for private use, but for public carriage purposes only.

HAWKERS AND PEDLARS.

   Ques. What is meant by a hawker?
   Ans. Any person who travels with a horse or other beast bearing or drawing the burden, and goes from place to place, or to other men's houses, carrying to sell, or exposing for sale, any goods, wares or merchandise, or exposing samples or patterns of any goods, wares or merchandise to be afterwards delivered. (51 and 52 Vic., C. 33, S. 2.)
   Ques. What does the term "hawker" include?
   Ans. It includes any person who travels by any means of locomotion to any place in which he does not usually reside or carry on business, and there sells or exposes for sale any goods, wares or merchandise, in or at any house, shop, room, booth, stall or other place whatever, hired or used by him for that purpose. (S. 2.)
   Ques. From whom are hawkers' Iicences obtained?
   Ans. Any officer of Inland Revenue, and the cost is £2. (S. 3, S.-S. 1.)
   Ques. What is the difference between a "pedlar" and a "hawker"?
   Ans. A pedlar is a person licensed by the Police Authorities, and who travels on foot selling goods from house to house. A hawker is licensed by the Excise Authorities, and uses a horse or other beast of burden to draw his goods.
   Ques. You see a "licensed hawker" hawking paraffin, and you are doubtful whether he is authorised to hawk same - what would you do?
   Ans. I should ask to see the licence authorising him to [-30-] hawk same, which is granted by local authority ; if he is unable to produce one, I should report him with a view to his being summoned.
   Ques. When do all hawkers' licences expire?
   Ans. On March 31st following the date on which they were granted. (S. 3, S-S. 2.)
   Ques. To whom is a hawker bound to produce his licence?
   Ans. To any person who demands its production. (S. 6, S.-S. 1B)
   Ques. Where is every hawker required to have his name and the words "licensed hawker" printed or written?
   Ans. Upon every box or package and every vehicle used for the carriage of his goods, and upon every room or shop in which his goods are sold, and upon every handbill or advertisement which he distributes or publishes. (S. 5, S.-S.1)
   Ques. May a hawker lend his licence to any person, or may a servant trade with such licence for his master's benefit?
   Ans. He must not lend or hire his licence. Yes, a servant may trade for his master's benefit. (S. 5, S-S. 2.)
   Ques. Name four classes of persons who do not require to take out hawkers' licences.
   Ans. (1) Any person selling or seeking orders for goods, wares or merchandise to or from persons who are dealers therein, and who buy to sell again. (2) The real worker or maker of any goods, wares or merchandise, and his children, apprentices and servants usually residing in the same house with him, selling or seeking orders for goods, wares or merchandise made by such real worker or maker. (3) Any person selling fish, fruit, victuals or coal. (4) Any person selling or exposing for sale goods, wares or merchandise in any public mart, market or fair legally established. (S. 3.)
   Ques. What are your powers of arrest under this Act?
   Ans. I have power to arrest any person whom I find acting as a hawker without having a proper licence, or who fails to produce a proper licence upon the demand of anybody. (S. 6, S-S. 3.)
   Ques. Before a person can act as a pedlar, what must he obtain?
   Ans. A certificate from the police of the district in which he resides, for which he pays 5s. (34 and 35 Vic., C. 96, S.5)
   Ques. Upon what conditions is a pedlar's certificate granted?
   Ans. (1) Applicant must have resided one month in his [-31-] police district ; (2) must be above seventeen years of age ; (3) must be of good character; (4) in good faith intends to carry on the trade of a pedlar. (S. 5, S-S. 1.)
   Ques. If the certificate was issued in London, may a pedlar carry on his trade anywhere outside this town?
   Ans. Yes, anywhere within the United Kingdom. 
   Ques. What persons are disqualified from becoming pedlars?
   Ans. Any person convicted of felony, begging, or of any misdemeanour involving dishonesty.
   Ques. How long does a pedlar's certificate remain in force?
   Ans. One year from date of issue.
   Ques. Who may arrest a pedlar?
   Ans. Any person, as in question below, or any other person acting by their orders.
   Ques. Who can demand to see a pedlar's licence?
   Ans. (1) Any Justice ; (2) any P.C. or police officer; (3) any person to whom such pedlar offers his goods for sale; (4) any person in whose private grounds or premises such pedlar is found. (34 and 35 Vic., C. 96, S. 17.)
   Ques. What are the exceptions under which petroleum can be kept for private use or for sale without a licence?
   Ans. (1) That it is kept in separate glass, earthenware or metal vessels, each of which contains not more than a pint and is securely stopped; (2) that the total amount kept, supposing the whole contents of the vessels to be in bulk, does not exceed three gallons.
   Ques. From whom can a licence to keep and sell petroleum be obtained?
   Ans. The Local Authority. (Petroleum Act, 1871.)
   Ques. If a shopkeeper has a licence to hawk petroleum, could he send one of his servants to hawk it instead, without first obtaining a licence for him?
   Ans. Yes. (44 and 45 Vic., C. 67.)
   Ques. What is the greatest quantity of petroleum a hawker is allowed to convey at one time in any one carriage?
   Ans. Twenty gallons. (Same Act.)
   Ques. What is the meaning of "carriage" in the above?
   Ans. Any carriage, waggon, cart, truck, vehicle or other means of conveyance by land, in whatever manner the same may be drawn or propelled. (Same Act.)
   Ques. If hawkers of fish throw the filth or refuse in the streets, what should you do?
   Ans. Report them for a summons. (2 and 3 Vic., C. 47, S 60.)
   Ques. If a person was found hawking or carrying about [-32-] playing cards for sale in stamped wrappers, would he be liable?
   Ans. Yes; he may be apprehended by a constable. Penalty £20. (25 and 26 Vic., C. 22.)

INFANT LIFE PROTECTION ACT (60 and 61 Vic.).

   Ques. Under this Act, what age must an infant exceed to be hired away from its parents?
   Ans. Five years.
   Ques. Before the expiration of what time must notice of the hiring he given to the Local Authority, and by whom?
   Ans. Forty-eight bouts. The person receiving it.
   Ques. Before the Local Authority can interfere, what must be clearly known?
   Ans. That the child is received for a reward, for the purpose of being nursed or maintained apart from its parents.
   Ques. What other information must the person receiving it give the Local Authority?
   Ans. The correct name, age and sex of the child and address where it can be found. Also informant's name and address.
   Ques. If the child is passed on to a second person, what must then be done?
   Ans. Correct name and address of second person must be given by the first persons.
   Ques. What have the Local Authority power to do under this Act?
   Ans. Appoint Male or Female inspectors to enforce the Act, by inquiries, etc.
   Ques. What power has an inspector under this Act, in addition to making inquiries etc.
   Ans. Inspect the infants and premises where they are being kept
   Ques. What is the object of this inspection?
   Ans. To satisfy himself or herself that the infant is properly maintained or to give any necessary advice or directions as to such maintenance.
   Ques. If a person refuses admittance to an inspector, what should he do?
   Ans. Apply to a magistrate or two J.P.s for a warrant to enter the premises.
   Ques. Who fixes the number of infants a person may receive?
   [-33-] Ans. The Local Authority.
   Ques. Under what other age may a person receive a child and on what condition?
   Ans. Two years. That not more than £20 is paid down for its maintenance. Notice must he given to Local Authority within forty-eight hours.
   Ques. If an inspector after inspection finds that the child is not being properly looked after, what can he do?
   Ans. Apply to Local Authority for an order in writing to remove the child to the workhouse or other place of safety, till parents or relatives can receive it, or be otherwise lawfully disposed of.
   Ques. If a person refuses to allow the child to be removed hy the inspector after the "order" has been shown to her, what should the inspector do?
   Ans. Apply to a J.P. for an order to remove the child, and such order may be enforced by a police constable.
   Ques. If a child dies in the house of a person who is maintaining it (as above), without having had medical treatment, what must she do?
   Ans. Inform the coroner before the expiration of twenty-four hours.

LICENSING ACT, 1902.

   Ques. If you see a person drunk and incapable in a public place, what should you do?
   Ans. Apprehend him.
   Ques. What is a "public place"?
   Ans. Any place to which the public have access, whether on payment or otherwise, such as a public omnibus in use, a railway carriage in use, a packet boat in use, a public concert-room, a theatre, an agricultural show, etc. (Paterson's Licensing Acts)
   Ques. Before you can arrest a drunken person who has a young child with him or her, what should you be sure of?
   Acts. (1) That the person is drunk ; (2) that the child is apparently under the age of seven years.
   Ques. Where can you arrest such a person?
   Ans. In any highway or other public place (see above), whether a building or not, or on any licensed premises.
   Ques. Why has the age of seven been fixed upon.
   Ans. Because it is the recognised limit of absolute legal incapacity.
   [-34-] 
   Ques. If a licensed person is charged with permitting drunkenness on his premises what has he to prove?
   Ans. That he and the persons employed by him took all reasonable steps for preventing drunkenness on the premises.
   Ques. What is an habitual drunkard?
   Ans. A person who, not being amenable to any jurisdiction in lunacy, is, notwithstanding, by reason of habitual intemperate drinking of intoxicating liquor, at times dangerous to himself or herself or to others, or incapable of managing himself or herself and his or her affairs. (42 & 43 Vict. C. 19, S. 3.)
   Ques. If you see a person who is on the "black list" go into a public house or registered club to obtain drink, what should you do?
   Ans. Warn the publican not to serve him with intoxicating drink.
   Ques. May a publican serve a person who is on the "Black List" with non-intoxicating liquors?
   Ans. Yes; no offence if the man is sober.
   Ques. Is an army canteen bound to have an excise licence?
    Ans. No; it is governed by War Office and officer commanding. (Licensing Act, 1902.)
   Ques. Under what conditions can an "occasional licence" be granted?
   Ans. If consent of a Petty Sessional Court is given, and after twenty-four hours notice of the intention to apply for same has been given to the Police. (Licensing Act, 1902).
   Ques. What interval of time must elapse between the nomination and admission of a person to a registered club?
   Ans. Forty-eight hours.
   Ques. If you saw a man go into a public-house, procure intoxicating liquor, and bring it out into the roadway to a person who you know is on the "black list," and who drinks it, the landlord being ignorant of the transaction, what steps would you take?
   Ans. Take names and addresses of both men and report for summons.

LOCOMOTIVES, ETC.

   Ques. What is the greatest width and weight of a locomotive allowed to pass on a highway?
   Ans. Width nine feet; weight, not to exceed fourteen tons.
   Ques. What is the limited rate at which they may be driven through London or any town, also in the country?
   Ans. Town, two miles an hour; country, four miles an hour.
   [35-]
   Ques. How many lights must be affixed to a locomotive after dark, and during what hours?
   Ans. One at each side on the front, and an efficient red light on the rear. Between one hour after sunset and one hour before sunrise for six months from April 1st, and between sunset and sunrise during the six months beginning 1st October.
   Ques. How many persons must accompany each locomotive, and what are their duties?
   Ans. Three persons two to drive and attend to locomotive, and, if not a steam roller, another person to accompany it in such a manner as to he able to give assistance to any person with horses or carriages drawn by horses meeting or overtaking the locomotive, and to give such assistance when required. If locomotive is drawing more than three waggons another person shall be employed to attend to the waggons.
   Ques. Must locomotives consume their own smoke?
   Ans. Yes ; they must be constructed on the principle of consuming their own smoke. Onus of proof of this lies on the defendant. (Pitt-Rivers v. Glasse.)
   Ques. How many locomotives are allowed on a bridge at the same time?
   Ans. One; distance between that and the one ahead must be not less than 200 yards.
   Ques. What bridges in London must locomotives not be driven over?
   Ans. Lambeth, Chelsea, Albert and Wandsworth.
   Ques. What must be conspicuously affixed to every locomotive?
   Ans. Name and residence of owner.

LIGHT LOCOMOTIVES.

    Ques. What is a "light locomotive"?
   An;. A vehicle propelled by mechanical power, under three tons in weight (unladen), and is not used for the purpose of drawing more than one vehicle (locomotive and vehicle, unladen, must not exceed four tons in weight), and so constructed that no smoke or visible vapour is emitted, except through accident or of a temporary nature.
   Ques. What is not included in estimating the weight of a locomotive (see Ques.1)?
   Ans. Any water, fuel, or accumulators used for the purpose of propulsion.
   Ques. What must the width of a light locomotive not exceed?
   [-36-] Ans. Six and a half feet.
   Ques. If a light locomotive exceeds 5 cwt. in weight, unladen, what important regulation must it conform to?
   Ans. That it shall be capable of being so worked that it may travel either forwards or backwards.
   Ques. How many brakes must a light locomotive have, and how are they to act?
   Ans. Two. That if either of the brakes be applied it shall cause two of the wheels on the same axle to stop revolving. (In a bicycle, one wheel must stop revolving.)
   Ques. If a light locomotive is used for drawing another vehicle, or constructed to carry goods, or should weigh (unladen) one and a half tons at least, what regulations must be observed?
   Ans. Name and address of owner, also the weight painted in one or more straight lines upon some conspicuous part on the off side in large legible letters, not less than one inch in height, in white upon black, or black upon white colours.
   Ques. Beyond what rate of speed must a light locomotive not be driven?
   Ans. Twelve miles an hour. Between one and a half and two tons not to exceed eight miles an hour, above two tons not to exceed five miles an hour.
   Ques. If drawing another vehicle, what rate must it not exceed?
   Ans. Six miles an hour.
   Ques. If the name and address, etc., of owner is not legibly painted on the light locomotive, to whom is he hound to give it?
   Ans. To any constable, or on the reasonable request of any other person.

LUNATICS, ETC.

   Ques. If you found a lunatic, would you ascertain first whether the master of workhouse had accommodation?
   Ans. No; convey him to the workhouse, together with the special forms necessary.
   Ques. If the master (see above) declined to admit him, what would you do?
   Ans. Take him back to station and provide for him in the best possible manner, until he could be taken before a magistrate or J.P , and submit a full report of circumstances.
   Ques. If you were called to a private house to take a person into custody who is insane and under the control of friends, what would you do?
   [-37-] Ans. Refer them to parochial authorities or to a magistrate.
   Ques. If in the above question you were asked to assist in restraining him, would you do so?
   Ans. Yes, till parochial authorities or magistrate had been communicated with.
   Ques. If you find an insane person, and cannot ascertain his name and address, what would you do to have him identified?
   Ans. Take a full description of him for circulation in "Informations."
   Ques. Before the expiration of what time must a lunatic be taken before a J.P.?
   Ans. Three days.
   Ques. If a person is apparently of unsound mind, and acting violently to those around him, what should be done?
   Ans. Assist to restrain him, take charge of him, and send to station for the officer on duty to attend with necessary Forms as quickly as possible. (Metropolitan.)
   Ques If there is a doubt as to the person's sanity, what should be done then?
   Ans. Send for the Relieving Officer to remove the person to the workhouse ; should he not come within a reasonable time, remove him there myself and report full particulars for Commissioner.
   Ques. If a person is suffering from delirium tremens, what steps would you take?
   Ans. Act as if the person was insane.
   Ques. Who decides at the station whether a person is insane or not?
   Ans. The officer in charge of the station. The Divisional Surgeon is called if the person is suffering from any injury.

MARINE STORE DEALERS, ETC.

   Ques. What constitutes a "Dealer in old metals"?
   Ans. Any person dealing in, buying or selling old metals, scrap metals, broken metal, or partly manufactured goods, or defaced old metal goods, whether such person deals in such articles only, or together with second-hand goods or marine stores.
   Ques. What is the least quantity of lead or composite of lead that he may purchase at a time?
   An;. Lead or composite of lead, 112 lb.
   Ques. What is the least quantity of copper, brass or pewter?
   [-38-] Ans. Copper, brass or pewter, 56 lb.
   Ques. During what time is a dealer in old metals prohibited from purchasing or receiving any old metals of any description?
   Ans. Between 6 p.m. and 9 am. (24 and 25 Vic., C. 110, S. 8, S-S. 2.)
   Ques. What is the time required that a dealer in old metal should retain articles which he purchases before disposing or altering them?
   Ans. Forty-eight hours (S.-S. 15.)
   Ques. Would it be lawful for a dealer in old metals to purchase articles of a boy under sixteen years of age?
   Ans. No. (S.-S. 2.)
   Ques. If a dealer in old metals is convicted of receiving stolen property, what may a magistrate order him to do?
   Ans. To be registered at the police station in the district in accordance with Schedule 1 for a stated period not to exceed three years. (S. 5.)
   Ques. What length of cable or similar article may be cut up without permission?
   Ans. Not to exceed five fathoms. (S-S. 3.)
   Ques. From whom would he receive such permission as aforesaid, and on what conditions?
   Ans. From a Justice having jurisdiction over the place. On condition that he satisfied the said Justice that it came lawfully into his possession, before whom he would have to produce a declaration in accordance with S-S. 1, 2 and 3. (S. 481.)
   Ques. After obtaining such permission, would he then be at liberty to cut it up?
   Ans. Not until he had advertised his intention in a newspaper published nearest to the place where he resides, notifying the fact of his having so obtained a permit, specifying the nature of the cable or other article mentioned in the permit.
   Ques. Under what age is he prohibited from buying of a child? Also, at what age may he employ an apprentice?
   Ans. In each case the age is sixteen years. (S. 8, S-S. 2.)
   Ques. What is he bound to have distinctly over the door of his warehouse?
   Ans. His name, together with the words "Dealer in Marine Stores," distinctly painted in letters of not less than six inches in length. (17 and 18 Vic., C. 104, S. 480, S.-S. 1.)
   Ques. What is he bound to do on purchasing marine stores?
   [-39-] Ans. Keep a book fairly written with an account of all marine stores which come into his possession, giving the time of purchase, accompanied by the name and address and occupation of the seller. (S-S. 2.)
   Ques. What is the least length of cable that a marine store dealer is allowed to buy?
   Ans. Five fathoms.
   Marks appropriated for use in or on His Majesty's Stores, and by which a P.C. could identify them.

NUISANCES, ETC., AND COSTERMONGERS.

       Various nuisances for which persons may be summoned or arrested "on view":-
    Nuisances and annoyances from beating carpets; driving carriages for breaking, exercising or trying horses riding any horse for exercising, showing or exposing for sale (otherwise than by passing through such streets or other public places) ; throwing, etc., or permitting to be thrown. etc , any ashes, dirt, rubbish, offal, dung, soil, blood or other filth, matter or thing on carriage or footway of any such street or public place ; killing, scalding, dressing or cutting up any [-40-] beast, swine, calf; sheep, lamb or other cattle in or near any such street or public place, so that any blood or filth runs upon, or over, or on either of such pavements ; running, rolling, driving, drawing, or placing or permitting thereon any waggon, cart, dray, sledge or other carriage, or any wheel, wheelbarrow, landbarrow or truck, or any hogshead, cart or barrel, or wilfully riding, leading or driving any horse, ass, mule or other beast thereon. Upon complaint on oath Justice may issue summons ; or any person seeing any offence committed may seize, and any person may assist in seizing, any offender and convey before a Justice ; and on the party appearing by summons, or not appearing after being summoned, Justice shall hear witnesses. Penalty, not less than 40s , nor more than £5 - one half to informer or person apprehending, one half to persons having control over pavements in place where offence is committed. (Michael Angelo Taylor's Act, 1817, S. 64)
   Ques. Where can swine be kept in London?
   Ans. Not within forty yards of any public street. (S. 68)
   Ques. If the Vestry officials of a parish neglect to act in the removal of a nuisance, and complaints are made to the Local Government Board, who can they direct to proceed?
   Ans. The chief officer of police ; but he must not enter premises where nuisance is without consent, or without warrant of a J.P. (29 and 30 Vic., C. 90, S. 16.)
   Ques. If a nuisance exists in a neighbourhood, and the Medical Officer of Health's certificate cannot be obtained, what is equivalent to it?
   Ans. The requisition in writing signed by ten inhabitants of the place where nuisance exists. (29 and 30 Vic,  C. 90.)
   Ques. If a person has died of an infectious disease in a private house, what is the greatest length of time the body is allowed to remain unburied, if not sent to a mortuary?
   Ans. Forty-eight hours. (Infectious Diseases Prevention Act, 1890.)
   Ques. To constitute a nuisance must actual injury have happened?
   Ans. No; it is sufficient if the thing complained of be likely to produce it. It has been held in a number of cases that no length of time will legalise a public nuisance. (Archibald.)
       The following are nuisances endangering the health, life or property of any of the public, viz., by carrying on unwholesome or offensive trades or occupations by which the [-41-] comfortable enjoyment of life and property is made impossible to a number of persons (R. v. White) ; exposing in the public street a child infected with small-pox (R. v. Vantandillo) ; bringing a glandered horse into a public place to the danger of infecting persons (R. v. Henson) ; keeping a pigeon-shooting ground (R. v. Pedley); erecting gunpowder mills or keeping gunpowder magazines near a town ; the making and selling of fireworks in unlicensed places ; making great noises in the night (R. v. Smith) ; keeping an offensive and disgusting exhibition (R. v. Grey) ; keeping a ferocious animal without proper control ; collecting crowds by exhibiting objects in a shop-window so as to create an obstruction in a highway (R. v. Lewis).
   Ques. If awnings or window blinds are so fixed as to cause annoyance to pedestrians, what should you do?
   Ans. Call attention of proprietor, if nuisance continues, submit a report and ask for instructions. As a rule, the local authority will have to deal with the matter under the Metropolis Local Management Act. (18 and 19 Vic., C. 120, S. 119.)
   Ques. If you saw any meat, fish, fruit, vegetables sold or offered for sale which was unfit for human food, what would you do?
   Ans. Take names and addresses and all necessary particulars ; report same, and acquaint sanitary authorities without delay ; also prevent any more being sold till the latter's arrival.
   Ques. If a man wanted to give a butcher into custody for selling bad meat, what would you do?
   Ans. Exchange names and addresses, inform Medical Officer of Health or the sanitary authorities, and report particulars.
   Ques. If a householder complained of being annoyed by street preachers, what steps would you take?
   Ans. Furnish him with preacher's name and address, refer him to the magistrate, and report the matter. If obstruction was caused, request preacher to desist ; if he declined, then take him into custody.
   Ques. If a householder complained of annoyance caused by street musicians, what steps would you take?
   Ans. If the musicians had refused to desist after being requested to do so by complainant, and the latter gave them into custody, convey them to station for complainant to charge them. Should he, after giving them into custody, [-42-] refuse to attend station to charge them, take their names and addresses, hand them to complainant, and release the men. Report the case without delay.
   Ques. What measurements must not costermonger's barrows, carts or stalls each exceed?
   Ans. Nine feet long and three feet wide, and no part of which shall project beyond the wheels.
   Ques. What should you do before reporting a costermonger for a summons for causing an obstruction with his barrow?
   Ans. Explain the regulations to him and caution him.
   Ques. What space must be kept between costers' stalls?
   Ans. Four feet.
   Ques. If you observe any meat, fish, fruit or vegetables apparently unfit for consumption sold or offered for sale in the streets by any person, what action should you take?
   Ans. Names and other particulars are to be obtained and sanitary authority acquainted, also restrain person from selling any more of it.
   Ques. What regulations would you observe if you were posted in a market-place (this specially related to stalls, etc.)?
   Ans. See that no stall exceeds 9 feet by 3 feet, and no part of the width projects beyond the wheels. No two stalls to be side by side, and 4 feet kept between the stalls for pedestrians.

PAWNBROKERS ETC.

   Ques. What age apparently must a person be before a pawnbroker may receive a pledge from him?
   Ans. Twelve. (35 and 36 Vic., C. 93.)
   Ques. What age at least must the pawnbroker's assistants be before they are allowed to receive pledges?
   Ans. Sixteen. (35 and 36 Vic., C. 93.)
   Ques. If a person who has lost a gold chain, and after discovering that it has been pawned at a certain pawnbroker's, requests your assistance to recover it, what steps would you take?
   Ans. Refer the person to a magistrate. I have no power to interfere, nor to accompany the owner to pawnbroker to get property restored.
   Ques. Above what age must a person be before a pawnbroker is allowed to take an article from him in pawn?
   Ans. Sixteen years. In the Metropolis. (2 and 3 Vic., C. 47, S. 50.)
   Ques. On what days is a pawnbroker prohibited from taking articles in pawn?
   [-43-] Ans. Sunday, Good Friday, Christmas Day, or a day appointed for public fast or humiliation.
   Ques. If a man who has previously lost his watch, and has just seen it in a pawnbrokers window, comes and asks you to assist him in recovering it, having asked the pawnbroker for it, but the latter declines to give it to him, what would you do?
   Ans. Refer him to the magistrate, as I have no power to assist him.

POLICE, ETC.

   Ques. What are the duties of a Sergeant when he parades his Relief?
   Ans. Form up the P.C.s into ranks for inspection by the Inspector or officer in charge see each man is sober, clean, and accoutrements correct ; report anyone absent and ascertain the cause ; post the men to their beats ; and read the orders, etc., aloud to them, if the officer in charge does not do it.
   Ques. If Police enter a house to execute a warrant, what are they bound to do?
   Ans. Produce it, if requested by the owner of the house to do so.
   Ques. What is it undesirable for detectives to do?
   Ans. To let their official character be known to strangers, by walking with police in uniform, by walking in step with each other in a drilled style, by wearing striking clothing, or police regulation boots, by openly recognising constables in uniform, or saluting superior officers.
   Ques. May a P.C. (Metropolitan) stop and search a boat on the river which he suspects has Government stores aboard unlawfully obtained.
   Ans. Yes, and may detain the same. (Police Stores Act, 1879.)
   Ques. If any Royalty are passing a certain point, what are police to carefully attend to?
   Ans. To the bystanders, not to the carriage.
   Ques. What is the difference between the authority of a police officer and a park keeper in a royal park or garden?
   Ans. The latter can arrest inside the park, but the former can arrest both inside and outside the park or garden.
   Ques. During what time are cattle prohibited from being driven through the "general limits" of the Metropolis?
   Ans. Between so 10 a.m. and 7 p.m., except with permission of the Commissioner. (48 and 49 Vic., c. 18.)
   [-44-]
   Ques. If you noticed a thoroughfare on your beat was very slippery and dangerous to traffic owing to want of cleanliness, what should you do?
   Ans. Send information to Borough Council, Vestry, or other local authority, and enter full particulars in occurrence book.
   Ques. What instructions would you give a young constable when posting him to a beat?
   Ans. The proper way to work his beat, both for night and. day duty, instruct him as to the position of fire-alarms, stations and turncocks, and his duty in general regarding an outbreak of fire the nearest hospitals, mortuaries etc , and his duty regarding accidents and disturbances ; to keep observation on loiterers, especially at night ; to be civil and polite to persons asking him questions ; not to loiter or gossip with anyone, or take drink, etc. If on night duty, show him how to mark ladders, low walls, empty houses, etc., also in early morning to keep observation on people carrying parcels, bags, etc.
   Ques. What are the "special limits" (Metropolis)?
   Ans. Certain streets and portions of streets within the "general limits " declared by the Commissioner of Police, and approved by the Secretary of State.
   Ques. What are the "general limits"?
   Ans. Such parts of the Metropolis as are enclosed in a circle, of which the centre is Charing Cross, and the radii are six miles in length, measured in a straight line from that centre.
   Que s. Within the special limits, during what time is the loading or unloading of coal prohibited on or across any footway?
   Ans. 10 am. and 6 pm. (30 and 31 Vic,  C.134.)
   Ques. Is a policeman entitled to search a cart merely because he suspects that a number of men in the cart, accompanied by dogs, may have been out poaching?
   Ans. No, unless he has good cause for such suspicion. (R. v. Spencer.)
   Ques. What are the primary objects of a police force?
   Ans. The prevention of crime, detection and punishment of offenders if a crime is committed, also the protection of life and property, and preservation of public tranquillity.
   Ques. What is discipline?
   Ans. Strict obedience and respect for lawful authority. The training one's self in habits of order and method, both personally and in duty.
   Ques. When should a police officer take a dying statement?
   [-45-] Ans. Only in a very urgent ease, where the person may die before a magistrate can be procured.
   Ques. On any occasion on which the police are employed in the public service, are they entitled to be conveyed by rail at a reduced rate?
   Ans. Yes. (46 and 47 Vic.,  C. 34, s. 6.)
   Ques. Are the Metropolitan police magistrates J.P.s as well?
   Ans. Yes ; J.P.s for the counties of Middlesex, Surrey, Kent, Essex and Herts, the city and liberty of Westminster, and the liberty of the Tower of London. (2 and 3 Vic.,C. 71, S.1). The chief magistrate is also a J. P. for Berks. (11 and 12 Vic., C. 42.)
   Ques. While acting as sergeant you find a P.C. absent from his beat, what would you do?
 &